近些年(nian)來(lai)，隨(sui)著社會主義市(shi)場經濟的(de)(de)深化，產(chan)品的(de)(de)競(jing)爭也日益激烈。有(you)(you)些電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器制(zhi)造商為(wei)了推廣推銷產(chan)品，在(zai)其樣本或產(chan)品使(shi)用(yong)說(shuo)明書上任意規(gui)定了一些不符合科學和(he)標(biao)(biao)準的(de)(de)擬事而非的(de)(de)技術(shu)性(xing)能參(can)數，從而引(yin)起混亂。考其原因，一是對那些參(can)數的(de)(de)含(han)義沒有(you)(you)真正的(de)(de)理解(jie)；二是參(can)數含(han)義清楚，但為(wei)了讓用(yong)戶覺(jue)得自己(ji)的(de)(de)產(chan)品較別家(jia)優越(yue)，有(you)(you)意模糊概念撥高(gao)提級，不論(lun)是那一種(zhong)情況，都是不嚴肅、不負責(ze)任的(de)(de)。為(wei)了澄(cheng)清問題，我們(men)將按國(guo)(guo)家(jia)、國(guo)(guo)際現(xian)行標(biao)(biao)準來(lai)表述電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)參(can)數的(de)(de)含(han)義，以便正本清源(yuan)。額(e)(e)定工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya) 《電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)工(gong)(gong)(gong)術(shu)語 低壓(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器》(GB/T2900.18-92)對“額(e)(e)定工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)”的(de)(de)定義是：“在(zai)規(gui)定條件下，保證電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器正常工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)值。”我國(guo)(guo)和(he)世界30多(duo)個(ge)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)的(de)(de)額(e)(e)定工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)是交流50Hz 220/380V，英(ying)國(guo)(guo)、澳大利(li)亞等(deng)10多(duo)個(ge)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)是交流50Hz 240/415V，孟加拉、印度、馬來(lai)西亞、巴基(ji)斯坦(tan)、新加坡、等(deng)國(guo)(guo)是交流50Hz 230/400V。此次還有(you)(you)127/220V等(deng)等(deng)。IEC出(chu)版物38，鑒于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)種(zhong)類太(tai)多(duo)，影響貿易(yi)和(he)交流，建(jian)議今(jin)后(hou)各國(guo)(guo)統(tong)一采用(yong)230/400V的(de)(de)標(biao)(biao)準化電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(分子(zi)為(wei)相電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)，分母(mu)為(wei)線電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)),但這種(zhong)改(gai)革涉(she)及面極大，是一個(ge)浩瀚的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)體系，因此目(mu)前世界各國(guo)(guo)仍沿用(yong)原來(lai)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)系統(tong)。

         我(wo)國既然是(shi)(shi)220/380V就不可能(neng)出現400V的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)作電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)。但是(shi)(shi)有不少廠商(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)短(duan)(duan)路(lu)器(qi)(qi)樣本里，它(ta)(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)短(duan)(duan)路(lu)分斷能(neng)力(li)欄赫然標(biao)(biao)志著額(e)(e)(e)(e)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)為400V，在短(duan)(duan)路(lu)分斷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)一樣的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情況(kuang)下，讓用(yong)戶(hu)以為它(ta)(ta)比(bi)380V的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)(倘(tang)單從數字看，400V比(bi)380V自然高(gao)好多)。這(zhe)種撥高(gao)工(gong)作電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)行(xing)為如(ru)果不是(shi)(shi)有意混淆，則是(shi)(shi)一種認識上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)誤解(jie)。斷路(lu)器(qi)(qi)在進行(xing)短(duan)(duan)路(lu)分斷試驗和(he)過載操(cao)作性能(neng)試驗時，都規定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)，其(qi)試驗電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)為1.05Ue，有人據此理(li)解(jie)為1.05X380=400V。其(qi)實(shi)(shi)這(zhe)里的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)1.05倍Ue是(shi)(shi)工(gong)頻恢(hui)復(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(穩態(tai)恢(hui)復(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya))。GB/T14048.1對試驗參(can)數的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)規定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)Ue的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)公差是(shi)(shi)+5%，即電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)波動(dong)可以是(shi)(shi)0~5%的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)范(fan)圍(wei)，就是(shi)(shi)380~400V，而(er)工(gong)頻恢(hui)復(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)是(shi)(shi)1.05倍Ue，Ue包括(kuo)這(zhe)個波動(dong)范(fan)圍(wei)(最大為上(shang)限值(zhi))。 另(ling)一種誤解(jie)是(shi)(shi)，一般至用(yong)戶(hu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)是(shi)(shi)10/0.4KV的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)低壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)比(bi)，即變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原邊(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)是(shi)(shi)10KV，而(er)副(fu)邊(bian)(至用(yong)戶(hu))是(shi)(shi)0.4KV，即400V，因(yin)(yin)此其(qi)斷路(lu)器(qi)(qi)產品的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)額(e)(e)(e)(e)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)為400V。這(zhe)是(shi)(shi)謬誤的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。副(fu)邊(bian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)400V是(shi)(shi)變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)空(kong)(kong)載電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)。計算負載電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)時要考慮副(fu)邊(bian)繞組內部的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)降(jiang)，約5%的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)值(zhi)。因(yin)(yin)此0.4的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)(shi)際(ji)負載電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)是(shi)(shi)380V。對變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(或(huo)(huo)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji))而(er)言，可用(yong)空(kong)(kong)載電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)來表(biao)示它(ta)(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)額(e)(e)(e)(e)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，而(er)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)設備(包括(kuo)開關(guan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi))的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)額(e)(e)(e)(e)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，正確的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)理(li)解(jie)和(he)實(shi)(shi)際(ji)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)性能(neng)考核只能(neng)是(shi)(shi)負載電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)。 GB156-93《標(biao)(biao)準電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)》中對三相四線(xian)系統(tong)或(huo)(huo)交流(liu)系統(tong)標(biao)(biao)準電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)設及電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣備額(e)(e)(e)(e)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)規定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)為：220V、380V、660V……。標(biao)(biao)準對發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)額(e)(e)(e)(e)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)也作了規定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)，它(ta)(ta)們是(shi)(shi)：230V、400V、690V……。標(biao)(biao)準還(huan)規定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)：“與發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)出線(xian)端配(pei)套的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣設備，額(e)(e)(e)(e)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)可采(cai)用(yong)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)額(e)(e)(e)(e)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，在產品標(biao)(biao)準中具體規定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)。”而(er)我(wo)國的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)斷路(lu)器(qi)(qi)目前似乎還(huan)沒(mei)有能(neng)與發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(或(huo)(huo)變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi))出線(xian)端配(pei)套的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。

         綜上所述(shu)，所謂(wei)產(chan)品的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)額(e)(e)(e)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)是(shi)400V或690V都(dou)是(shi)不正(zheng)確的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)提(ti)法。 關于(yu)額(e)(e)(e)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)絕(jue)(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya) GB/T1900.18對(dui)額(e)(e)(e)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)絕(jue)(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)義是(shi)：“在(zai)(zai)規定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)條件(jian)下，用來(lai)度量電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)及其(qi)部(bu)件(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不同(tong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位(wei)部(bu)分(fen)(fen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)絕(jue)(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)強度，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣間隙和爬(pa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)距(ju)離(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)標準(zhun)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)值(zhi)。除非另(ling)有規定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)，比值(zhi)為(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)最(zui)大(da)額(e)(e)(e)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)工作電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)。” 等(deng)效采用IEC947-1(1998年第1版)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)GB/T14048.1《低壓(ya)(ya)開(kai)關設備與(yu)控制(zhi)設備總則》強調系統的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)絕(jue)(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)配合，因此電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)用于(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源系統的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)條件(jian)為(wei)： 電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)額(e)(e)(e)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)絕(jue)(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)應高于(yu)或等(deng)于(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源系統的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)額(e)(e)(e)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)。 (略) (略) 從(cong)標準(zhun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)規定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)衡量，一(yi)個電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)產(chan)品如果有多種工作電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)值(zhi)，如380V(絕(jue)(jue)(jue)大(da)多數(shu)產(chan)品的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)等(deng)級(ji)(ji))和660V(常(chang)用于(yu)礦山(shan))，則其(qi)額(e)(e)(e)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)絕(jue)(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)可定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)為(wei)660V。額(e)(e)(e)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)絕(jue)(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)標定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)后，在(zai)(zai)按產(chan)品適用的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)污(wu)染(ran)等(deng)級(ji)(ji)(斷路器(qi)(qi)一(yi)般為(wei)3級(ji)(ji))及其(qi)絕(jue)(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)零部(bu)件(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)CTI值(zhi)(相比漏(lou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)痕指數(shu))(此CTI值(zhi)確定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)了絕(jue)(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)材(cai)料的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)組別(bie)，分(fen)(fen)為(wei)I、II、IIIa、IIIb四種)，來(lai)確定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)產(chan)品的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)最(zui)小爬(pa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)距(ju)離(li)。例如，額(e)(e)(e)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)絕(jue)(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)為(wei)660V，污(wu)染(ran)等(deng)級(ji)(ji)3，材(cai)料組別(bie)為(wei)IIIa、IIIb，承受長期電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)最(zui)小爬(pa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)距(ju)離(li)為(wei)10mm。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)產(chan)品可以以此值(zhi)來(lai)設計其(qi)各(ge)絕(jue)(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)件(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)爬(pa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)距(ju)離(li)，而(er)不需要任意地去提(ti)高它的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)額(e)(e)(e)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)絕(jue)(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)。

         現在有些斷(duan)路器生(sheng)產廠家，為了提(ti)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)競爭(zheng)力(li)，就(jiu)稱自(zi)己的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)額(e)(e)定(ding)絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)800V，比(bi)人家的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)660V高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)一(yi)個等(deng)級(ji)，而(er)它(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)斷(duan)路器額(e)(e)定(ding)最(zui)(zui)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)也就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)660V，完全沒有必(bi)要(yao)比(bi)拔高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)。而(er)且有兩點是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)能忽(hu)視(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，一(yi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)額(e)(e)定(ding)絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)一(yi)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)，爬(pa)電(dian)(dian)距離就(jiu)要(yao)求加(jia)大(da)，如(ru)果(guo)污染等(deng)級(ji)，絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)材料的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)組別都不(bu)變，Ui(額(e)(e)定(ding)絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya))為800V時，最(zui)(zui)小爬(pa)電(dian)(dian)距離應(ying)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)12.5mm，比(bi)Ui=660V時加(jia)大(da)2.5mm；二是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)按(an)斷(duan)路器的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)產品標準(zhun)要(yao)求，在進行過載(zai)操作性能實(shi)(shi)驗(yan)和(he)短路分斷(duan)能力(li)實(shi)(shi)驗(yan)后(hou)，均需進行耐(nai)(nai)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(工(gong)頻耐(nai)(nai)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya))驗(yan)證，施加(jia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)為2倍(bei)額(e)(e)定(ding)絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，對Ui=660V者(zhe)，耐(nai)(nai)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)1320V，對Ui=800V者(zhe)，耐(nai)(nai)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)值(zhi)要(yao)提(ti)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)到1600V，實(shi)(shi)際(ji)上是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)加(jia)大(da)了負擔。但最(zui)(zui)重要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)還是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)定(ding)期(qi)實(shi)(shi)驗(yan)工(gong)頻面(mian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)值(zhi)，Ui=660V耐(nai)(nai)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)值(zhi)為2500V，1min,Ui=800V時，耐(nai)(nai)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)值(zhi)為3000V。因此(ci)那種(zhong)毫無(wu)意(yi)義的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)炫示，實(shi)(shi)事求是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)說是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)自(zi)己給自(zi)己添(tian)麻煩。 GB/T14048.1規(gui)定(ding)：“對預期(qi)用于(yu)因絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)故障必(bi)須(xu)重視(shi)嚴(yan)重后(hou)果(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)場所(suo)(如(ru)安(an)裝類(lei)別VI或用于(yu)大(da)容(rong)量(liang)供電(dian)(dian)系(xi)(xi)統或要(yao)求具有隔離功(gong)能)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)器，應(ying)采用高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)于(yu)額(e)(e)定(ding)絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)等(deng)級(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)爬(pa)電(dian)(dian)距離；建議(yi)額(e)(e)定(ding)絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)一(yi)般(ban)提(ti)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)R10優先系(xi)(xi)數(shu)中二個電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)等(deng)級(ji)及(ji)以上。”R10優先系(xi)(xi)數(shu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)1.25。660V上面(mian)第一(yi)個電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)800V，第二個電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)1000V。按(an)上面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)規(gui)定(ding)，應(ying)取1000V，與660V相同的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)污染等(deng)級(ji)及(ji)材料組別，它(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)爬(pa)電(dian)(dian)距離應(ying)不(bu)小于(yu)16mm，但是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)由(you)于(yu)塑殼斷(duan)路器為非選擇型保護(無(wu)三段保護)，加(jia)上它(ta)們的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)額(e)(e)定(ding)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)一(yi)般(ban)在800A及(ji)以下，它(ta)們不(bu)適合(he)于(yu)安(an)裝類(lei)別IV(電(dian)(dian)源水平級(ji))及(ji)大(da)容(rong)量(liang)供電(dian)(dian)系(xi)(xi)統，可見(jian)取Ui大(da)于(yu)660V是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)沒有什么實(shi)(shi)用意(yi)義而(er)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)徒增浪(lang)費和(he)麻煩而(er)已。

3、關(guan)于輔(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)助(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)觸(chu)頭(tou)(tou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu) 作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)輔(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)助(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)觸(chu)頭(tou)(tou)(或稱輔(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)助(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)開(kai)(kai)關(guan))的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)微動開(kai)(kai)關(guan)，它有兩(liang)個電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)參數(shu)，一(yi)是(shi)約(yue)定(ding)發熱電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)，一(yi)是(shi)工作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)。工作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)有多種，而(er)約(yue)定(ding)發熱電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源只(zhi)有一(yi)個。GB/T2900.18對約(yue)定(ding)發熱電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)定(ding)義是(shi)：“在(zai)規定(ding)條件(jian)下(xia)(xia)實驗(yan)時(shi)，開(kai)(kai)關(guan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)在(zai)8h工作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)下(xia)(xia)，各部(bu)件(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)溫升不超過極限值(zhi)時(shi)所(suo)(suo)能(neng)承(cheng)載(zai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)最大電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)。”而(er)它的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)則由它所(suo)(suo)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)鐵(tie)在(zai)閉合(he)(he)狀態(tai)下(xia)(xia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)負(fu)載(zai)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)來決定(ding)。因此約(yue)定(ding)發熱電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)和(he)(he)(he)工作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)是(shi)兩(liang)個不同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)概念。 GN14048.5-93《低壓(ya)開(kai)(kai)關(guan)設備(bei)和(he)(he)(he)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)設備(bei) 控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)和(he)(he)(he)開(kai)(kai)關(guan)元(yuan)件(jian)第一(yi)部(bu)分 機電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)式控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)》的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)附錄C“某些使(shi)用(yong)類別(bie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)輔(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)助(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)觸(chu)頭(tou)(tou)名(ming)義額定(ding)值(zhi)舉(ju)例”中，列出(chu)目前使(shi)用(yong)較多的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)AC-15和(he)(he)(he)DC-13的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)動作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)，AC-15類別(bie)中，輔(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)助(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)觸(chu)頭(tou)(tou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)Ith=2.5A時(shi)，控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)鐵(tie)閉合(he)(he)狀態(tai)下(xia)(xia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)率(容量)為(wei)180VA；Ith=5A，控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)率為(wei)360VA，Ith=10A，控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)率為(wei)720VA；DC-13(直流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu))Ith=1A，控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)率為(wei)28W，Ith=2.5A，控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)率為(wei)69W，Ith=5A，控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)率為(wei)138W，Ith=10A，控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)率為(wei)275W。根據所(suo)(suo)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)鐵(tie)負(fu)載(zai)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)率，和(he)(he)(he)微動開(kai)(kai)關(guan)(輔(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)助(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)觸(chu)頭(tou)(tou))的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)值(zhi)，就(jiu)可算出(chu)它的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)，例如(ru)Ith=3A，可參照Ith=2.5A的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)率，為(wei)AC-15時(shi)，控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)率為(wei)180VA(符(fu)合(he)(he)AC-15用(yong)于控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大于72VA的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)交流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)鐵(tie)負(fu)載(zai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)規定(ding))，180VA/380V=0.47A，180VA/220V=0.81A，就(jiu)是(shi)輔(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)助(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)觸(chu)頭(tou)(tou)在(zai)380V和(he)(he)(he)220V電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)下(xia)(xia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)動作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)Ie；再如(ru)DC-13(控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)直流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)鐵(tie))，Ith=2.5A，控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)鐵(tie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)容量(功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)率)為(wei)69W，69W/220V=0.31A，69W/110V=0.63A，就(jiu)是(shi)輔(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)助(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)觸(chu)頭(tou)(tou)在(zai)220V和(he)(he)(he)110V下(xia)(xia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)，確定(ding)輔(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)助(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)觸(chu)頭(tou)(tou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)是(shi)很重要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，因為(wei)輔(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)助(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)觸(chu)頭(tou)(tou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)通電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)操作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)性能(neng)實驗(yan)，非正常(chang)接通與(yu)(yu)分斷能(neng)力(li)實驗(yan)都(dou)與(yu)(yu)Ie的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)數(shu)值(zhi)有關(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)Ie取(qu)(qu)大或取(qu)(qu)小都(dou)不符(fu)合(he)(he)產品的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)求。

         查(cha)閱(yue)一下國(guo)(guo)內(nei)市場仍(reng)占相當比例的(de)(de)(de)某中(zhong)塑殼式斷(duan)(duan)路(lu)(lu)器(qi)和另兩種萬能(neng)式斷(duan)(duan)路(lu)(lu)器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)1997年(nian)行業(ye)標準修(xiu)訂版，就發現對輔助觸頭的(de)(de)(de)額定(ding)(ding)工作電流(liu)(liu)的(de)(de)(de)規定(ding)(ding)很是(shi)混亂，也不(bu)符(fu)(fu)合(he)國(guo)(guo)家的(de)(de)(de)大類(lei)(lei)標準。如某斷(duan)(duan)路(lu)(lu)器(qi)規定(ding)(ding)Ith分(fen)別(bie)為(wei)(wei)1A、3A、6A。而在AC380V時工作電流(liu)(liu)Ie分(fen)別(bie)為(wei)(wei)0.3A、0.4A和3A(它們(men)都是(shi)AC-15類(lei)(lei)別(bie))，控制(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)電磁鐵(tie)在閉合(he)狀態的(de)(de)(de)功(gong)率(lv)，按計算分(fen)別(bie)為(wei)(wei)114VA、152VA和1140VA；在DC220V，Ie分(fen)別(bie)為(wei)(wei)0.15A、0.15A和0.2A，則直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)電磁鐵(tie)的(de)(de)(de)功(gong)率(lv)分(fen)別(bie)為(wei)(wei)33W、33W和66W。顯然是(shi)不(bu)符(fu)(fu)合(he)GB14048.5標準的(de)(de)(de)規定(ding)(ding)。另兩個萬能(neng)式斷(duan)(duan)路(lu)(lu)器(qi)則通過規定(ding)(ding)，交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)電磁鐵(tie)功(gong)率(lv)為(wei)(wei)300VA，直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)電磁鐵(tie)功(gong)率(lv)為(wei)(wei)60W，這是(shi)沿用老標準AC-11和DC-11的(de)(de)(de)，但是(shi)AC-11和DC-11早(zao)在1993年(nian)就命(ming)令取消，再去套用是(shi)沒道理的(de)(de)(de)。 以上3點(dian)質疑(yi)未(wei)必完全正確，希望得到專(zhuan)家的(de)(de)(de)指正。

要用相關的標準及其解釋如下：

      《GB/T3367.9—1984 鐵路機(ji)車名(ming)詞(ci)術語(yu) 牽引電氣設(she)備術語(yu)》

      “28.31聯鎖觸頭（locking contact）

      用來防止某電氣在某些條件下動(dong)作(zuo)的電氣觸(chu)頭(tou)。”

      《GB/T.10—1984 鐵(tie)路機車(che)名詞術語 牽引電(dian)氣設(she)備名稱(cheng)》

      “10.3.12 輔助觸頭（auxiliary contact） 

      10.3.13 聯鎖觸頭(tou)（locking contact）”

      《GB/T2900.18—1992 電工術(shu)語 低(di)壓電器》

      “5.3.1 觸頭系統

      包(bao)括動觸(chu)頭、靜觸(chu)頭及其有關導體部件(jian)(jian)以及彈性(xing)元件(jian)(jian)、緊固件(jian)(jian)合絕緣件(jian)(jian)等(deng)所(suo)有的結(jie)構零件(jian)(jian)所(suo)組成的電器部件(jian)(jian)。

      5.4.6 聯鎖機構

      在幾個開(kai)關(guan)電器或(huo)部件(jian)之間，為保證開(kai)關(guan)電器或(huo)其部件(jian)按規定的次(ci)序(xu)動(dong)作或(huo)防止誤動(dong)作而設的機械(xie)的聯鎖(suo)機構。

     ; 5.3.1.8 輔助(zhu)觸頭

      接在(zai)開關電(dian)器(qi)的輔助電(dian)路中并由該開關電(dian)器(qi)用機械方式操(cao)作的觸頭(tou)。”

      《GB/T2900.36.—1996 電(dian)(dian)工(gong)術語 電(dian)(dian)力牽引》

      “25.13 聯(lian)鎖電路（interlock circuit）

      連(lian)接機(ji)械、電(dian)(dian)氣(qi)或其(qi)他裝(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)的電(dian)(dian)路(lu)，例如(ru)經過(guo)輔助觸頭使一(yi)個(ge)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)的工(gong)作狀(zhuang)態(tai)取決于(yu)另一(yi)個(ge)或幾個(ge)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)的工(gong)作狀(zhuang)態(tai)和位置(zhi)(zhi)。

      30.31 聯鎖觸(chu)頭（cocking contact）

      用(yong)以防止一個電器在某些條(tiao)件下動作(zuo)的電氣(qi)觸頭。”

           綜合上述標(biao)準(zhun)可(ke)以看出(chu)，除GB/T3367.10的(de)名(ming)稱中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，聯(lian)(lian)鎖(suo)觸(chu)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)和輔(fu)助觸(chu)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)同時作為(wei)(wei)詞(ci)(ci)(ci)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)外，其(qi)他幾個(ge)標(biao)準(zhun)則在兩(liang)者中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)選用(yong)一個(ge)作為(wei)(wei)詞(ci)(ci)(ci)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)，說(shuo)明兩(liang)者表達的(de)事物(wu)是相(xiang)同的(de)，只是兩(liang)者強調(diao)的(de)特征(zheng)不(bu)同。輔(fu)助觸(chu)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)強調(diao)了它與(yu)主(zhu)觸(chu)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)的(de)區別(bie)，沒把輔(fu)助觸(chu)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)作為(wei)(wei)詞(ci)(ci)(ci)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)的(de)兩(liang)個(ge)標(biao)準(zhun)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)又在其(qi)他詞(ci)(ci)(ci)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)用(yong)到了“輔(fu)助觸(chu)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)”這個(ge)詞(ci)(ci)(ci)，就(jiu)是強調(diao)它與(yu)主(zhu)觸(chu)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)的(de)區別(bie)。聯(lian)(lian)鎖(suo)觸(chu)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)強調(diao)其(qi)作用(yong)。輔(fu)助聯(lian)(lian)鎖(suo)未在這幾個(ge)標(biao)準(zhun)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)作為(wei)(wei)詞(ci)(ci)(ci)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)出(chu)現(xian)。建議用(yong)“聯(lian)(lian)鎖(suo)觸(chu)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)”表示(shi)單(dan)獨的(de)電氣聯(lian)(lian)鎖(suo)的(de)觸(chu)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)和有(you)觸(chu)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)電氣起聯(lian)(lian)鎖(suo)作用(yong)的(de)輔(fu)助觸(chu)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)，“聯(lian)(lian)鎖(suo)觸(chu)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)系統”表示(shi)與(yu)聯(lian)(lian)鎖(suo)觸(chu)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)有(you)關的(de)系統作為(wei)(wei)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)的(de)術語，在強調(diao)與(yu)主(zhu)觸(chu)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)區分時使用(yong)“輔(fu)助觸(chu)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)”。沒有(you)必要(yao)(yao)時不(bu)再使用(yong)“輔(fu)助聯(lian)(lian)鎖(suo)”。

      5. 耐電(dian)(dian)壓、工(gong)頻(pin)耐壓、耐壓、絕緣介電(dian)(dian)強(qiang)度、工(gong)頻(pin)耐受電(dian)(dian)壓

    這幾個(ge)術語(yu)再(zai)專業圖書、技術文件(jian)、規程等(deng)文字資料(liao)中(zhong)均(jun)有出現，都是表示再(zai)規定(ding)的試驗條(tiao)件(jian)下，不造成(cheng)擊穿的工頻正(zheng)弦電壓的有效值(zhi)。

       有關國家標(biao)準(zhun)、行(xing)業(ye)標(biao)準(zhun)的規定如下：

      《GB/T2900.25—1994 電(dian)工術(shu)語(yu) 旋轉(zhuan)電(dian)機》

      “6.2.50 耐電(dian)(dian)壓試驗（High-volgage test），介電(dian)(dian)強(qiang)度(du)試驗（Dielectric test）

      在絕(jue)緣(yuan)上施加高(gao)電壓以(yi)確(que)定絕(jue)緣(yuan)介(jie)質(zhi)強度是否符合要求的(de)試驗。”

      《GB/T755—1987 旋轉(zhuan)電(dian)機基(ji)本技術條件》

      “6.2 對地絕緣(yuan)耐電壓試驗”。 

     《TB/T2436—1993 鐵路機(ji)(ji)車(che)動車(che)用(yong)旋轉電機(ji)(ji)通用(yong)技(ji)術條件》

      “7.2 電(dian)機的絕(jue)緣(yuan)介電(dian)強度(du)

      電機繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)對機座及繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)相互間應(ying)能承受(shou)歷時1min的絕緣耐電壓試驗。”

      《TB/T1333—1996 機車電器(qi)基(ji)本技術(shu)條件(jian)》

      “5.12.3 工頻耐受電壓

      電器應(ying)能(neng)承受的(de)工頻試驗電壓（有效值(zhi)）1min無擊穿和閃絡現象。”

      《GB/T1333—1996 機車電器(qi)基本技術條件》

      “5.12.3 工頻耐受電壓(ya)

      電(dian)(dian)器應(ying)能承受的工頻試(shi)驗電(dian)(dian)壓（有效值）1min無擊(ji)穿(chuan)和閃絡現象。”

      《GB/T2900.18—1992 電(dian)工術語 低(di)壓電(dian)器(qi)》

      “6.1.67 工頻(pin)耐壓

  ;    在規(gui)定試驗(yan)條件下，不造(zao)成(cheng)擊(ji)穿的(de)工頻正(zheng)弦電壓的(de)有效值。”

      《GB/T163185—1996 旋轉牽引電機基(ji)本試驗方法》

      “17耐電壓(ya)試驗

       電機(ji)在熱態下，按規定的試驗電壓(ya)值進(jin)行耐電壓(ya)試驗，歷時1min，絕緣應不被擊穿(chuan)。試驗電壓(ya)的頻率為(wei)(wei)50Hz，波(bo)形為(wei)(wei)實際(ji)正(zheng)弦波(bo)。”

      《GB/T2900.15—1997 電工術語 變壓(ya)器(qi)互感(gan)器(qi)調壓(ya)器(qi)電抗器(qi)》

       “2.1.48 額定絕緣水平（rated insulation level）

      變壓器類電器設(she)備的絕(jue)緣，設(she)計(ji)成(cheng)能承受(shou)規(gui)定條件(jian)的一組試驗電壓。

      注：這些試驗電壓分別是：

      a)額定雷電沖(chong)擊和額定短(duan)路時工(gong)頻(pin)耐受(shou)電壓(ya)

      b)額(e)定(ding)雷電(dian)沖擊和額(e)定(ding)操作沖擊耐受電(dian)壓”。

          標題所提的幾個詞中，“耐壓”是非標準用語，書面用語中已經基本不用，其余幾個都可在標準中查到。這些標準多數是前些年為了與國際接軌而等同采用引進的，也即是直接翻譯過來的。由于不同的國家或組織所用的英文詞匯不同，也有的是不同的人將相同的英文翻譯成了不同的中文。然而在我們的文字資料中，用不同的術語表示相同的事物是不妥的，因為這不利于技術交流和文字表述的簡潔、明了。耐電壓有工頻和沖擊兩種，用語特指耐工頻電壓不夠準確。工頻耐壓則有耐氣壓的可能。絕緣介電強度是耐電壓試驗的目的，也不夠直觀明了。工頻耐受電壓中“耐”和“受”有重復之嫌。建議統一用工頻耐電壓來表示在絕緣上施加50Hz正弦波、有效值高于正常工作值的規定高電壓1min而無閃絡擊穿的耐電壓試驗以確定絕緣介電強度是否符合要求。
          成名詞術語(yu)使(shi)用不規(gui)范行為的原因是(shi)標準(zhun)滯后和標準(zhun)化意識不強(qiang)。隨著(zhu)社會(hui)主義市場經濟(ji)的發展及于世界經濟(ji)的融合(he)，名詞術語(yu)規(gui)范化會(hui)顯得(de)更加重要和迫(po)切。